Music Players

Gramophone:

• 1870s-1980s- earliest music player
• Thomas Edison founded it
• Vinyl disc with grooves-had to turn by hand for it to play
• considered now to be 'retro' and collectable
• private music experience-created a culture-revolution in itself
• still used by DJs - 'decks'

Cassette:

• developed by 'Philips' who were also responsible for the CD
• pressure from Sony to license the format free
• portable music-Walkman and Boombox
• allowed transference of content users- first 'file sharing'-music piracy-frowned upon by music industry
• lots of people had one-popular
• new genre-'popular music'
• created underground scenes and politically radical movements e.g. punk and rock
• 1979-used to record sermons to encourage overthrow of government
• decline in early 1990s-CDs
• cassette players in cars

CD:

• Philips and Sony -created it together
• early 1980s
• hold more info
• first came out-only play on Sony CD player - vertical integration
• data storage product -revolution of other data form
• better than cassettes - easily scratched
• died in early 2000s -mp3

portable music began through transistor radio

Boombox:

• rising interest in cassettes-fashion and aesthetics to portable music -late 1970s - amplifier, tuner
• died because of the Walkman

Walkman-MTV showcasing their device to promote it.

mp3-1998-32mb of storage-ten songs-change music whenever.

apple-2001-1000 songs

Key Findings:

• technology and hardware have greatly influenced both music institutions and audiences over the last four decades.
• the issues present today (file sharing, piracy,ownership control) have been around for decades.
• what is important is that the music industry responds and adapts to these issues and changes.

Self-produced bands/artists:

Artic Monkeys:

• don't need to rely on a label
• fan based demo tapes
• global village
• web 2.0
• self produced

Lily Allen:

• myspace site (web 2.0)
• twitter
• social networker

Sandie thom:

• webcast from home
• global village
• social networker
• web 2.0

Enter Shikari:

• self produced
• created own record label (ambush reality)
• web 2.0
• global village

Hadouken!:

• USB mixtapes (convergence and digital technology)
• web-based news exclusives-social networkers
• global village principle

Key problem is the fact you can't control what people do-internet-stripping music.